综合原创
# Executor(顶级接口,线程执行器)
1、Executor框架包括3大部分:
任务。也就是工作单元,包括被执行任务需要实现的接口:Runnable接口或者Callable接口;
任务的执行。也就是把任务分派给多个线程的执行机制,包括Executor接口及继承自Executor接口的ExecutorService接口。
异步计算的结果。包括Future接口及实现了Future接口的FutureTask类。
# ExecutorService (服务)
通过实现Executor,对线程进行管理execute:submit:isTerminated(线程池是否执行完成)等 execute可以传入 任务,对任务进行处理
# ExecutorService的invokeAll
invokeAll 任务的批量
package com.pwc.current.ExecutorService;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class ExecutorInvokeAll {
// 固定大小的线程池,同时只能接受5个任务
static ExecutorService mExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
/**
* 计算价格的任务
* @author hadoop
*
*/
private class QuoteTask implements Callable<BigDecimal> {
public final double price;
public final int num;
public QuoteTask(double price, int num) {
this.price = price;
this.num = num;
}
@Override
public BigDecimal call() throws Exception {
Random r = new Random();
long time = (r.nextInt(10) + 1) * 1000;
Thread.sleep(time);
BigDecimal d = BigDecimal.valueOf(price * num).setScale(2);
System.out.println("耗时:" + time / 1000 + "s,单价是:" + price + ",人数是:"
+ num + ",总额是:" + d);
return d;
}
}
/**
* 在预定时间内请求获得旅游报价信息
*
* @return
*/
public void getRankedTravelQuotes() throws InterruptedException {
List<QuoteTask> tasks = new ArrayList<QuoteTask>();
// 模拟20个计算旅游报价的任务
for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
tasks.add(new QuoteTask(200, i) );
}
/**
* 使用invokeAll方法批量提交限时任务任务 预期15s所有任务都执行完,没有执行完的任务会自动取消
*
*/
List<Future<BigDecimal>> futures = mExecutor.invokeAll(tasks, 15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// 报价合计集合
List<BigDecimal> totalPriceList = new ArrayList<BigDecimal>();
Iterator<QuoteTask> taskIter = tasks.iterator();
for (Future<BigDecimal> future : futures) {
QuoteTask task = taskIter.next();
try {
totalPriceList.add(future.get());
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
// 返回计算失败的原因
// totalPriceList.add(task.getFailureQuote(e.getCause()));
totalPriceList.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(-1));
System.out.println("任务执行异常,单价是"+task.price+",人数是:"+task.num);
} catch (CancellationException e) {
// totalPriceList.add(task.getTimeoutQuote(e));
totalPriceList.add(BigDecimal.ZERO);
System.out.println("任务超时,取消计算,单价是"+task.price+",人数是:"+task.num);
}
}
for (BigDecimal bigDecimal : totalPriceList) {
System.out.println(bigDecimal);
}
mExecutor.shutdown();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ExecutorInvokeAll it = new ExecutorInvokeAll();
it.getRankedTravelQuotes();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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# FutureTask (将来的任务)
下面的案例是FutureTask 错误的示范,在使用ExecuteService的submit方法的时候,只能专递CallAble 类型的任务,有返回值,并且能捕获异常 可以使用execute方法代替,这样可以执行,但是不能有返回值,因为传入的是一个Runnable接口的任务,本来就没有返回值
public class T {
private static final Integer initLength = 10000;
private static int[] list = new int[10000];
private static Random r = new Random();
//对一个十万长度的数组加和
static {
for (int i = 0; i < initLength; i++) {
int num = r.nextInt(100);
list[i] = num;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();//内部使用SynchronousQueue队列,来一个任务产生一个线程执行任务
FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(new Callable() {//将任务包装成未来任务(其实就是可以通过阻塞等待的方式,获取任务结果)
@Override
public Object call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("进来了");
// System.out.println(1/0);
return Arrays.stream(list).sum();
}
});
/**
* 这里会出现一个问题,我本身传入的是FutureTask,所以这里获取不到值,在使用submit时候,要传递 Future 类型对象
*/
Future<?> submit = executorService.submit(futureTask);//将任务放入线程池中执行 换成execute
try {
System.out.println(submit.get());//获取不到值,结果为null
///System.out.println(futureTask.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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如果使用 executorService.submit 参数只能传递CallAble类型的参数,如果想使用executorService.execute,那么可以传入FutureTask类型和Runnable类型的参数 因为FutureTask 本身就实现了Runnable接口
# ComplateService
# MyFuture
package com.current.completionService;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @program: 展示Future的缺点---》 阻塞
* @description:
* @author: Kevin
* @create: 2019-07-03 10:42
**/
public class MyFuture {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个有三个线程的线程池
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
List<Future> listFuture = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
int finalI = i;
Callable<Integer> callable = new Callable() {
@Override
public Object call() throws Exception {
if(finalI == 5){
Thread.sleep(4000);
return finalI;
}
return finalI;
}
};
listFuture.add(executorService.submit(callable));
}
//在这里使用Future 获取线程返回值的过程是阻塞的,所以在获取第六个线程的时候,会被阻塞4秒
//主线程一直等待
for (Future future : listFuture) {
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
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# MyComplateService
package com.current.completionService;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @program: springTest
* @description:
* @author: Kevin
* @create: 2019-07-03 10:50
**/
public class MyComplateService {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个有三个线程的线程池
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
CompletionService<Integer> completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService<Integer>(executorService);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int finalI = i;
Callable<Integer> callable = () -> {
if (finalI == 5) {
Thread.sleep(4000);
return finalI;
}
return finalI;
};
//使用comletionService 在获取第六个线程的时候,不会被阻塞,而是直接获取第七个线程的结果
//第六个线程的结果,会在4秒钟之后返回出来
completionService.submit(callable);
}
//在测试的时候,要注释掉take方法体,或者poll方法体,才能看出来效果
//take无阻塞,如果任务不存在或者任务阻塞, 会在最后输出等待的线程的值
/* for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
System.out.println( completionService.take().get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
*/
//poll无阻塞,如果任务不存在或者任务阻塞, 直接返回null,抛弃模式,直接不等阻塞的线程
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Future<Integer> poll = completionService.poll();
if (poll != null) {
try {
System.out.println(poll.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else{
System.out.println(poll);
}
}
}
}
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# 使用自定义的 ThreadFactory
package com.current;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @program: springTest
* @description: 自定义的线程工厂
* Executors 在创建线程的时候,如果不传入线程工厂,内部会调用默认的线程工厂 在Executors中,如果传递线程工厂则用自定义的线程工厂
* static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory
* @author: Kevin
* @create: 2019-06-22 19:02
**/
public class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread thread = new Thread(r);
thread.setName("自定义的线程");
return thread;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThreadFactory myThreadFactory = new MyThreadFactory();
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(myThreadFactory);
executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("我是 " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
return;
}
});
}
}
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编辑 (opens new window)
上次更新: 2022/03/13, 21:24:24